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Rehabilitation physician training is an important part of the development of rehabilitation medicine.Rehabilitation physician education in Taiwan has a complete and standardized training system,and rehabilitation physician training in mainland China is mainly achieved through standardized residency training.This article compares the differences in training processes for rehabilitation physicians in education in medical colleges and universities,residency training,and specialist training between Taiwan and mainland China.The results show that rehabilitation physician training in Taiwan is rigorous and orderly,with reasonable contents,clear objectives,strong specialty,and standardized assessment,while in mainland China,rehabilitation physicians in mainland China have insufficient training time,and there is a lack of detailed training plan and unified assessment standards.Rehabilitation physician training in mainland China needs to learn from advanced experience,further reform the training process,improve the operability of the overall education program,and perfect the training system of rehabilitation physicians.
ABSTRACT
Objective To determine the influence of schizophrenia patients with diabetes on cognitive function.Methods Altogether 78 schizophrenia patients with diabetes and 118 patients with schizophrenia were enrolled and Negative and Positive Syndrome Scale,Wechsler Memory Scale-Revised Visual Reproduction Test,Wechsler Adult Intelligence Scale-Revised Digit Symbol Test,Computerized Wisconsin Card Sorting Test,Trail Making Tests,Part A and B,and Wechsler Adult Intelligence Scale-Revised Digit Span Test were used to assess the clinical syndrome and to test the cognitive function.ResultsImpairment of Processing Speed,Attention/Working Memory,Executive Functioning and Visual Memory in schizophrenia patients with diabetes was significantly poorer than that of the schizophrenia patients ( all P ＜ 0.05 ).WAIS-R Digit Symbol Test score and Trail Making Test A and B scores were associated with diabetes duration and age at diabetes onset (P ＜0.01 ).Conclusion The impairment of cognitive function in schizophrenia patients with diabetes is severer than schizophrenia patients,suggesting that the prevention and management of diabetes may improve cognitive outcome in schizophrenia patients.
ABSTRACT
BACKGROUND:Pain is the extremely common disease in clinic. At present, acupuncture provides good therapeutic effect on it. But, there are many methods in acupuncture with various advantages individually.To understand the differences in therapeutic effects on pain with various needling techniques is significant in clinic. In 1999, the relevant observation was carried on in the demand of Ecuadorian Medical Pain Association.OBJECTIVE: To observe the differences in therapeutic effects on pain with various needling techniques.DESIGN: Randomized controlled observation was designed.SETTING: Department of Pain, Hospital General de las FF. AA. Quito, Ecuador, Department of Traditional Chinese Medicine and 1st Department of Surgery, General Hospital of Chengdu MilitaryArea Command of Chinese PLA.PARTICIPANTS: Totally 360 cases of lumber strain and hyperplastic spondylitis were selected in Department of Pain, Clinic of Ecuadorian 3rd Military General Hospital from May 1999 to November 2000, in which,179 cases were lumber strain and 181 cases were hyperplastic spondylitis.The groups were randomized in two kinds of diseases, named for lumber strain, dermal-needling group (88 cases) and body-acupuncture group (91cases); for hyperplastic spondylitis, dermal-needling group (92 cases) and body-acupuncture group (89 cases).METHODS: Dermal needling and body acupuncture were used to treat the diseases respectively and the symptom changes were observed before and after treatment simultaneously. The treatment was given once every two days. 5 treatments made one basic course for lumber strain and 7 treatments for hyperplastic spondylitis. The treating results were evaluated according to Budzynski grading criteria on pain. MEPS statistical software was used for statistical management of data.MAIN OUTCOME MEASURES: Pain relieving before and after treatment with dermal needling and body acupuncture for lumber strain and hyperplastic spondylitis was evaluated. Correlative analysis on therapeutic effects and course of treatment for different diseases with same therapy and on same disease with different therapies were carried on.RFSULTS: Altogether 366 cases were observed and 6 of them were excluded. Totally, 360 cases finished the experiment. ① The severity was alleviated in pain grading after treatment with dermal needling and body acupuncture compared with that before the treatment (P ＜ 0.01). ② In treatment of lumber strain and hyperplastic spondylitis with dermal needling, the therapeutic effects on lumber strain were more remarkable (P ＜ 0.01). The therapeutic effects of dermal needling on lumber strain were superior to that of body acupuncture (P ＞ 0.05). ③ The therapeutic effects of body acupuncture group on pain of Ⅰ grade in hyperplastic spondylitis were remarkably better than that of dermal needling group,but the significant difference in the total therapeutic effects of two techniques did not present (P ＞ 0.05). ④ When pain grading was reduced by 1 level in two groups, the average times of treatment in dermal needling group were less than that in body-acupuncture group (P ＜ 0.05).CONCLUSION: Good therapeutic effects of dermal needling and body acupuncture are achieved for both hyperplastic spondylitis and lumber strain,in which, the therapeutic effects of dermal needling are remarkable on injury of soft tissue and achieved swiftly; body acupuncture improves pain in hyperplastic spondylitis more radically compared with dermal needling.